Channel, Issue No. 17

Abstract

[evdate 1993-04-15] Channel The Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyNewsletter of the Centre of Computing Services & Telecommunications

APRIL 1993 Issue No. 17 INTERNET Hong Kong Polytechnic Chinese University of Hong Kong Baptist College City Polytechnic of Hong Kong Lingnan College University of Hong Kong 64 Kbits/sec NASA Ames Research Cenfre, Mountain View, California, USA HighLights: * Feedback articles on last issue's Scientific Computation from the Department of Mathematics; * Comprehensive passages on Internet & Electronic Notice Board PLUS informative System, Hardware & Software News . . . Clear Water Bay Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong channel@usthk.ust.hk

2 Channel Issue No. 17 In this issue . . . . . On Scientific Computation New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Internet "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board New Services/Developments CCST is Watching ! Software News System News Hardware News Telecommunications Acknowledgements Staff Introductions CCST Hotline (6200) Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Computer Barns (Rms 4382 & 1044) Opening Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Consultation Hours Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Business Computing Laboratory (Rm 4334) Opening Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Editor's Notes Channel is a bi-monthly publication of the Centre of Computing Services and Telecommunications (CCST) of HKUST. Prepared by the Computing Information Centre of CCST and printed by ETC, Channel provides information about CCST plans, developments and services. Topics on new trends in computing technology and other related topics of general interest are also included. User contributions to Channel are welcome and should be sent to the Editor along with the author's name and department. Channel is distributed to University members who are registered users of CCST services. Other parties who would like to have their names added to our mailing list for Channel may complete and return the form on the last page to the Computing Information Centre. Rifa Chu, Editor of Channel Computing information Centre ccrita@usthk.ust.hk

Issue No. 17 Channel On Scientific Computation Professor W.H. Hui Department of Mathematics whhui@sthk.ust.hk Last issue of Channel on Scientific Computing has aroused a lot of interests among our faculty specialized

in this area. It is CCST's great pleasure to have Prof. Grafton W.H. Hui and Dr. Y.K. Kwok of the

Department of Mathematics contributing two articles to this issue, one on the significance of numerical

algorithm advancement in the development of this important, fast-growing field, and the other on the new

theme of study in scientific computing offered by the Department of Mathematics. We are sure our readers

will find these two articles informative. CCST will continue to work closely with our faculry in providing

an environment for this field to flourish in our university. Dr. William Max Ivey Director, CCST Science and technology are traditionally studied using two approaches: experimental and theoretical. Over the past two decades, scientific computation has become a third approach. It already has enormous importance in the economy and the environment. For instance, it is now a standard practice in the aircraft industry to use Computational Fluid Dynamics for the design of an aircraft while the wind- tunnel is only used for verification, and the recent "Storm of the Century" that hit the east coast of North America in mid-March, 1993 was well predicted by computation. How does scientific computation come about and grow into a new academic discipline? In a recent article entitled Introduction to Scientific Computing in Channel (issue No.16, February 1993) it was largely attributed to the steady increase in processing speed of computers brought about by advancements in computer hardware. While advancements in computer hardware are clearly a very important factor, the article tells only half of the story. It is now well recognized and agreed upon by most experts in SC that it has come about not only because of the great advancements in computer hardware, but also of the spectacular progresses in computational algorithm developments, each contributing roughly one half to its growth. The following are just a few examples of progresses in algorithm developments: (4 Convolution is a standard technique in signal processing. Done straightforwardly, an image of n pixels requires O(n') operations for each convolution. However, if Fast Fourier Transform is employed, the cost can be reduced to O(n Log2n. For a 1024 pixel image, the speedup is 102.4 times. The speedup is more than 50,000 times for 2-D images. (W For elliptic problems in a square domain, if the number of nodes on each side of the domain is n, then we get a linear system of size n2 by n'. Solving the system naively by Gaussian elimination would require O(n6) operations. However, the cost can be reduced to O(n*) if multigrid method is employed. For a problem with n = 100, that is a saving of 100 million folds. (c) For hyperbolic problems, whose solutions may be discontinuous (severe weather fronts, shock waves, hydraulic jumps, etc special computational algorithms are required. With shock-capturing methods, these important features can now be computed with great resolution and speed. With the advent of parallel computer and further development of new algorithms, scientific computation will undoubtedly play an even more important role in the years to come, and it will greatly help Hong Kong economy and the environment. For instance, to design a long suspension bridge, such as the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong, it is much cheaper and faster to use computational methods than a full-scale structural testing. It should be stressed that it is the main role of SC researchers in a research University like ours to help develop computational algorithms to solve problems in science and engineering that are reliable, accurate and economic. HKUST already has dozens of research projects on scientific computation and is planning to establish an Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computation. At the undergraduate level a unique programme in scientific computation has also been introduced in the Department of Mathematics, the details of which are described in the following article by Dr. Y.K. Kwok.

4 Channel Issue No. 17 New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Dr. Kwok Yue-kuen Department of Mathematics maykwok@usthk.ust.hk Beginning Fall, 1993, the Mathematics Department introduces a new programme in Scientific Computation, in addition to the existing programmes in Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences. The implementation of the new programme, which is unique in Hong Kong, reflects the growing importance of scientific computation in sciences and engineering, and represents the response of the Mathematics Department to train students to meet the demands of knowledge in scientific computation in the coming decades. Also, the new programme demonstrates the strength of the Mathematics Department, where a good number of faculty are actively engaged in research works related to Scientific Computation. We strongly believe that our graduates in the Scientific Computation programme will receive good training and be well sought after in the job market. The essence of the training in the new programme is to acquire the ability to design and apply computational algorithms to solve a substantial problem in a branch of science or engineering. The design of numerical algorithms requires good knowledge in mathematics, in particular, numerical analysis, while the actual computation demands some basic training in computers and computing. Students enrolled in the programme are required to take about 10 courses in mathematics and 5 courses in computer science. Two mathematics courses, Math 333 - Introduction to Scientific Computation and Math 335 - Applications of Mathematical Software, have been specifically designed for the new programme. In addition, a student has to take 2 to 3 courses in one chosen area of specialisation in science or engineering. such as fluid mechanics, structural dynamics. theoretical chemistry. mathematical biology, etc. In order to gain some flavour of works in scientific computation, students in the programme are required to do a Scientific Computation project in the chosen area of specialization, totaling 9 credits, in their third year of study. The Mathematics Department is very much interested to invite faculty members in other departments whose research works are related to scientific computation to take up supervisory roles in those student projects in the new programme. Temperature distributions along a converging duct flow, computed at NASA Lewis Research

Center using W. H. Hui's method. Courtesy of C.Y. Loh and M.S. Liou.

Issue No. 17 Channel 5 Internet as a Research Tool Danny Tang ccdanny@usthk.ust.hk Following the inauguration of the HARNET upgrade on February 10, 1993 (see Acknowledgements on Page ll), the campus networks of the 7 UPGC-funded local institutions are now linked together through a high- speed Tl-ring (1.544MB per second). This upgrade allows better and faster access to information and resources among local institutions. HARNET is not an isolated entity, it is part of the huge, global, "network of networks" - Internet. All on our campus network can reach out to the computing resources around the globe, and communicate with their peers elsewhere conveniently. With the growing demand for an efficient communication with the outside world, UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) is undertaking a feasibility study to upgrade HARNET's international link (to Internet) from its current 64KB per second leased satellite data circuit to a higher speed. Internet is not simply a huge network, it is an indispensible research "partner". A user might need to use a database at another university, he might need the power of a supercomputer to assist in his research, or he might want to browse the library catalogue of another institution. This is all possible on the Internet provided the user has the proper access right to that remote machine. Below is a short account on some major Internet research tools you might be interested in. Bulletin Board Service (BBS) BBS, broadly speaking, provides a platform for users to take part in electronic conferences. USENET is probably the most popular bulletin board on Internet. Each USENET message can be posted to one or more newsgroups by the sender according to its nature. Currently there are over 2,000 newsgroups covering topics in computing, different academic disciplines, campus administration, politics, social and cultural issues, hobbies and recreational activities, and many more. A user can post a new topic for discussion or a follow-up to a topic being discussed. The posted message will be delivered to all Internet sites which run USENET and have subscribed the concerned newsgroup. Faculty and researchers use USENET mainly to Share common interests and exchange ideas with people all over the world; Post questions to a broad base of people in their field; Disseminate interest-specific academic and professional news Supercomputing Resources With telnet, a user can connect and use resources on any supercomputer on Internet provided he has the access right to the machine. Through the arrangement made by the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, our users can apply for an account on the US San Diego Supercomputer Centre's CRAY YMP 8/864 vector- based supercomputer since early 1992. More recently, UPGC has funded the installation of a Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) machine for use by all UPGC member institutions (see Hardware News on Page 10). Electronic Journals It is a new application of Internet which combines the best features of network communication and publishing. E-journals are generally peer-reviewed, as are hardcopy academic journals. They significantly cut down the long delays and costs built into traditional publishing because articles are sent out as soon as they are edited and reviewed. The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) compiles a directory of electronic journals, newsletters, and scholarly discussion lists. The directory is available in electronic form (see Zen and the Art of the Internet).

Channel Issue No. 17 E-journals are also finding ways, as bandwidth increases and optical storage technology matures, to mirror the high typeset quality we count on in printed journals. The National Science Foundation (NSF) now also provides online electronic access to its publications through STIS, the Science and Technology Information System. You can get the NSF bulletin, descriptions (with abstracts) of NSF research projects, and analytical reports and news from the International Programs Division, and many more. Online Library Catalogs Many universities have made their library catalogs available for searching by anyone on the Internet. Our users through their desktops can now check on our own library's holdings as well as a library thousand miles away. The offer of other university library catalogs can supplement our local library resources in many ways: + Finding new material on a topic by searching a collection with particular strength in that topic; + Some libraries offer specialized data bases or resources (e.g. University of Michigan's archive on environmental journalism); + Exploring other collections may help you to choose where to plan research trips or spend a sabbatical year Once a book is located, it can often be borrowed by our library through interlibrary loan. Please contact our Library for more details. For announcements of new libraries being available over Internet and discussion of related topics, consult the USENET newsgroup comp.internet.library. Public Domain Software There are voluminous useful public domain (free) software on the network available to the Internet users via the anonymous FTP service, a way of fetching files that does not require you to have an account on the remote machine. Computers that support anonymous FTP are called anonymous FTP servers. Most anonymous FTP servers are repositories of a particular type of information or software. It is important to note that public domain software are made available to the Internet community by the authors out of good will. If you find a piece of useful software, it can save you a lot of time in developing your own code from scratch. However, you should aware that though some public domain software are of very high quality, many are not. The decision whether or not to use a piece of code is entirely yours. Listen to others about the software may help you make such decision. Why not post a question to the appropriate newsgroup in USENET and you may be able to draw your conclusion based on suggestions from all over the world in a matter of days. In the above. I only managed to touch on the tip of the iceberg. Internet is such a huge infrastructure which expands day by day. No single printed document can give you a full account of what is available out there on the Internet. Information and resources are scattered all over this giant network. The following reference documents can help you get started in working with this growing (because it is continuously fed) research "partner": + Zen and the Art of the Internet - a very well-written and comprehensive guide for beginners to the Internet; + Internet Resource Guide - compiled by NSF Network Service Center, and is an index to thevast amount of resources accessible through Internet; + An anonymous FTP servers list - it lists the popular anonymous FTP servers and the types of public domain software /electronic documents kept in them; Q Internet User's Guide - published by CCST, and covers the mechanics of using the various Internet services Many people have put in a lot of efforts to compile directories of Internet resources, keep them up-to-date, and make them available for searching. Several tools have also been developed to help researchers find information on the Internet. The important ones are Archie, Wide-Area Information Servers (WAIS), Gopher, and World-Wide Web (W3). We will cover these services in detail in future issues of Channel.

Issue No. 17 Channel 7 "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board Paul Kwan cckwanwh@usthk.ust.hk With the rollout of the HKUST Electronic Noticeboard (HKUST ENB) on different hardware platforms including PC, Macintosh, UNIX workstation and timesharing machine, we augmented the number of channels for information dissemination on campus. This is a step towards materializing CCST's long-term computing strategy for campus wide information services. The idea of a physical notice board (or bulletin board as some people might prefer) is not new. It is a centralized place where notices of different sorts can be posted for people to read. There are many such places on campus, including those in the public areas and outside of department offices. ENB, on the other hand, is electronic. You do not need to go to a particular corner on campus to post or to read notices. All you need is an access to a PC, a Macintosh or an account on a UNIX workstation or timesharing machine connected to the campus network, and the wealth of notices posted in the ENB will be at your fingertips. This has been a delightful experience for many students since the beginning of the term, especially when the Admissions, Registration and Records Office (ARR) and the Student Affairs Office (SAO) made use of the ENB to disseminate timely information such as class schedules and changes, add/ drop procedures, as well as student activities and programmes. Having said that, we have to be cautious in saying that the ENB is never meant to replace electronic mail as the mechanism for communication and sharing information. Electronic mail is ideal for private communication as well as distribution to a small group of recipients. With this in mind, we position the ENB only as a viable alternative to the existing electronic mail system that has already been taxed for some time by the sheer amount of use. We would like users to know that the ENB is an efficient and centralized repository of information, and yet it avoids much of the overhead incurred by the electronic mail system. In the case where there are a number of recipients, a copy of the mail message sent will be placed in the directory of each of the recipient users. thereby incurring additional use of disk storage. ENB, on the other hand, stores just a single copy of each notice and requires no replication, avoiding the redundancy in disk usage. Moreover, you can specify an expiry date when posting a notice, and the notice will automatically be purged or removed from the ENB at the specified time. This friendly feature is by nature not offered by our current electronic

8 Channel Issue No. 17 mail system. In addition, you can optionally specify an event period for a notice, enabling it to be retrieved for

viewing by the function, [Today Event], on days that fall within the specified period.

For functions on amending and deleting notices, the amendment will be made on the same copy of the notice stored

rather than saved as another version. This is not possible with the electronic mail system as one has to send the

amendment to each of the recipient users, thus requiring the amount of initial storage be doubled in the worst case

scenario. In the case when a notice should only be seen by either the entire population of staff or students, you have

a choice of posting it to either one category. We believe that when you make more frequent use of the ENB, you will gradually see and experience the benefits that I have mentioned in the preceding paragraphs. At the time of writing this, the Microsoft Windows version of

the ENB is in the stage of pilot testing, which we hope to release for general use in a few weeks' time. This will

undoubtedly improve further the accessibility of the ENB. To end, it is constructive to give a brief reply to a question that some people have asked about the ENB. The question

is "What will be the differences if we don't make use of the ENB?" Simply, the difference is that you now have

a choice which you did not have in the past without the ENB. New Services / Developments Both the Unix Terminal and Macintosh versions of the HKUST Electronic Notice Board are now available for use by HKUST staff and student computer users. The Unix Terminal version can be accessed from within a UNIX login session via a PC or Macintosh connected to the campus network. At the moment, students can access the Macintosh version from the Mac LC's in laboratories at Rooms 1044, 4334 and the Library. To start up the Unix Terminal version from within a UNIX login session, type "ustenb" at the system prompt. Online Help is available. For a student to start up the Macintosh version, double click the BCompLab Application icon on the desktop. Once opened, double click the HKUST ENB folder. Finally, double click the HKUST ENB - Student icon to invoke the program. Online Help is also available with this version. For a member of staff to access the ENB on Macintosh, he has to install the application onto his own system first. Detailed descriptions of steps have been mailed to all staff Macintosh users in March. Anyone interested in knowing the steps may send mail to the email account CCHELP. In fact, all queries and feedback concerning these versions of the HKUST ENB information service can be directed to this account.

CCST is Watching ! Central computing facilities and services are provided to staff and students of this university on the understanding that they are to be used solely for the purpose of the university. CCST aims at offering the best available computing facilities and services to staff and students with least restrictions. We have been doing this, but recently we found that there are students recklessly abusing our good intentions. There are reported cases of deliberate broadcast of junk messages to staff and student users. In a few cases we also found that several students sharing a password to an account, mindless of possible irresponsible acts caused by sharing computer accounts. May we remind students that these are absolutely undesirable, and may lead to really bad consequences. To ensure that hardware, software and data are protected against damage, unauthorized use, theft and fraudulent manipulation, we have listed a set of rules in the electronic notice board and on the back of the email account application forms requesting users to observe acceptable standards of behaviour when they use the central computing facilities and services in the university. The Director of CCST reserves the right to restrict a user who breaches the rules from accessing CCST's computer systems and services as deemed appropriate. Serious cases will be forwarded to the user's Head of Department for further handling.

10 Channel Issue No. 17 Software News SAS 6.07 on HP To invoke SAS on an HP 700 workstation, run this: source usr/local/bin/sas_setup See the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. Maple V Release 2 on HP Maple on HP has been upgraded to Maple V Release 2. The previous version of Maple V is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. S-PLUS 3.1 on HP S-PLUS on HP has been upgraded from 3.0 to 3.1. The previous version is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. SPSS 4.1 on VMS SPSS is upgraded to 4.1 on VAX/VMS. Refer to the "VMSSW" folder in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information for details. TeX on PC & Unix TeX has been upgraded to 3.14 on both PC and Unix. Together with this upgrade, we have added more macro packages and fonts like nfss, psfig, AMSLaTeX, REVTeX and AMSFonts. Further details are in the CCST On-line Information ENB. System News MS-DOS 5.0 &Windows 3.1 The PC system for staff has been upgraded to MS-DOS 5.0. An HKUST Microsoft Windows 3.1 environment was rolled out the same time, in which a number of window applications, email and host connection are available. Please refer to the CCST On-line Information ENB. Hardware News New FDDI Servers Three VAX 4000 model 90 servers were put into production lately. These new servers are equipped with an FDDI interface, and can be hooked directly to the FDDI network. Without the previous Ethernet bottleneck, the FDDI connection significantly improves the network performance . MPP Computer The UPGC-funded Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) Computer, DECmpp 12000, has been put into production use. The computer, located in the Chinese University of Hong Kong, has 8192 processor elements and a peak performance of 665 MFLOPS and 13000 MIPS. Total available runtime memory is 512 MB with 11.2 GB high speed parallel disk space for data storage.Introductory brochures and account application forms can be obtained from Departmental Computer

Coordinators and the CCST general office at Room LG4007. Contact David Shiu (email: ccdshiu, ext: 6248) or Danny Tang (email: ccdanny, ext: 6241) for additional information or to arrange a discussion before applying.

Issue No. 17 Channel 11 Telecommunications In view of the current office relocation which involves many move and change activities in the PABX system, we have decided to postpone the publication of the April version of the HKUST communications directory until the end of May when most departments and offices have settled down. In the meantime, please access the online communication directory for up-to-date information. Acknowledgements UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) acknowledges the UPGC (University and Polytechnic Grants Committee) and JUPLAC (Joint University and Polytechnic Library Advisory Committee) initiative to upgrade HARNET, the HK Academic and Research NETwork. UPCC also appreciates a 3-year donation of Tl lines from the Hong Kong Telecom Foundation to help finance the operation of the local HARNET and the connection to the Internet. Staff Introductions Mr Kenneth Lee joined the Systems & Operation unit as Assistant Computer Officer in March. Before joining CCST, Mr Lee worked for Hewlett-Packard Hong Kong Ltd specializing in HP-UX platform trouble-shooting. Here Mr Lee supports Unix systems. Miss Eva Leung, Computer Officer in the Information Systems unit since September last year, came from Hong Kong Electric Company, and is now responsible for the financial reporting/general ledger system.

Miss Katie Chow joined Information Systems from Alfred Dunhill in January. She is now an Assistant Computer Officer working on financial related systems.

Mr Eddie Tso, also an Assistant Computer Officer in Information Systems since January, is from the Open Learning Institute. Mr Tso is working on student records systems.

Channel Issue No. 17 TECHNOLOGY Newsletter of the Centre of Computing Services & Telecommunications APRIL 1993 Issue No. 17 INTERNET lechnology Hong Kong Polytechnic Kbits/sec NASA Ames Research Cenfre, Mountain View, Cdifornia, USA HighLights: * Feedback articles on last issue's Scientific Computation from the Department of Mathematics; * Comprehensive passages on Internet & Electronic Notice Board PLUS informative System, Hardware & Software News . . . Clear Water Bay Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong channel@usthk.ust.hk

2 Channel Issue No. 17 In this issue . . . . . 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 On Scientific Computation New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Internet "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board New ServicesJDevelopments CCST is Watching ! Software News System News Hardware News Telecommunications Acknowledgements Staff Introductions CCST Hotline (6200) Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Computer Barns (Rms 4382 & 1044) Omening Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Cortsulta tion Hours Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Business Computing Laboratory (Rm 4334) ODenina Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Editor's Notes Channel is a bi-monthly publication of the Centre of Computing Services and Telecommunications (CCST) of HKUST. Prepared by the Computing Information Centre of CCST and printed by ETC, Channel provides information about CCST plans, developments and services. Topics on new trends in computing technology and other related topics of general interest are also included. User contributions to Channel are welcome and should be sent to the Editor along with the author's name and department. Channel is distributed to University members who are registered users of CCST services. Other parties who would like to have their names added to our mailing list for Channel may complete and return the form on the last page to the Computing Information Centre. Rifa Chu, Editor of Channel Computing information Centre ccrifa@usthk. wt. hk

Issue No. 17 Channel On Scienti$c Computation Professor W.H. Hui Department of Mathematics whhui@sthk.ust.hk Last issue of Channel on Scientific Computing has aroused a lot of interests among our faculty specialized

in this area. It is CCST's great pleasure to have Prof. Grafton W.H. Hui and Dr. Y.K. Kwok of the

Department of Mathematics contributing two articles to this issue, one on the significance of numerical

algorithm advancement in the development of this important, fast-growing field, and the other on the new

theme of study in scientific computing offered by the Department of Mathematics. We are sure our readers

will find these two articles informative. CCST will continue to work closely with our faculry in providing

an environment for this field to flourish in our university. Dr. William Max Ivey Director, CCST Science and technology are traditionally studied using two approaches: experimental and theoretical. Over the past two decades, scientific computation has become a third approach. It already has enormous importance in the economy and the environment. For instance, it is now a standard practice in the aircraft industry to use Computational Fluid Dynamics for the design of an aircraft while the wind- tunnel is only used for verification, and the recent "Storm of the Century" that hit the east coast of North America in mid-March, 1993 was well predicted by computation. How does scientific computation come about and grow into a new academic discipline? In a recent article entitled Introduction to Scientific Computing in Channel (issue No.16, February 1993) it was largely attributed to the steady increase in processing speed of computers brought about by advancements in computer hardware. While advancements in computer hardware are clearly a very important factor, the article tells only half of the story. It is now well recognized and agreed upon by most experts in SC that it has come about not only because of the great advancements in computer hardware, but also of the spectacular progresses in computational algorithm developments, each contributing roughly one half to its growth. The following are just a few examples of progresses in algorithm developments: (4 Convolution is a standard technique in signal processing. Done straightforwardly, an image of n pixels requires O(n') operations for each convolution. However, if Fast Fourier Transform is employed, the cost can be reduced to O(n log&. For a 1024 pixel image, the speedup is 102.4 times. The speedup is more than 50,000 times for 2-D images. (W For elliptic problems in a square domain, if the number of nodes on each side of the domain is n, then we get a linear system of size n2 by n'. Solving the system naively by Gaussian elimination would require O(n6) operations. However, the cost can be reduced to O(n*) if multigrid method is employed. For a problem with n = 100, that is a saving of 100 million folds. (c) For hyperbolic problems, whose solutions may be discontinuous (severe weather fronts, shock waves, hydraulic jumps, etc special computational algorithms are required. With shock-capturing methods, these important features can now be computed with great resolution and speed. With the advent of parallel computer and further development of new algorithms, scientific computation will undoubtedly play an even more important role in the years to come, and it will greatly help Hong Kong economy and the environment. For instance, to design a long suspension bridge, such as the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong, it is much cheaper and faster to use computational methods than a full-scale structural testing. It should be stressed that it is the main role of SC researchers in a research University like ours to help develop computational algorithms to solve problems in science and engineering that are reliable, accurate and economic. HKUST already has dozens of research projects on scientific computation and is planning to establish an Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computation. At the undergraduate level a unique programme in scientific computation has also been introduced in the Department of Mathematics, the details of which are described in the following article by Dr. Y.K. Kwok.

4 Channel Issue No. 17 New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Dr. Kwok Yue-kuen Department of Mathematics maqkwok@usthk.ust.hk Beginning Fall, 1993, the Mathematics Department introduces a new programme in Scientific Computation, in addition to the existing programmes in Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences. The implementation of the new programme, which is unique in Hong Kong, reflects the growing importance of scientific computation in sciences and engineering, and represents the response of the Mathematics Department to train students to meet the demands of knowledge in scientific computation in the coming decades. Also, the new programme demonstrates the strength of the Mathematics Department, where a good number of faculty are actively engaged in research works related to Scientific Computation. We strongly believe that our graduates in the Scientific Computation programme will receive good training and be well sought after in the job market. The essence of the training in the new programme is to acquire the ability to design and apply computational algorithms to solve a substantial problem in a branch of science or engineering. The design of numerical algorithms requires good knowledge in mathematics, in particular, numerical analysis, while the actual computation demands some basic training in computers and computing. Students enrolled in the programme are required to take about 10 courses in mathematics and 5 courses in computer science. Two mathematics courses, Math 333 - Introduction to Scientific Computation and Math 335 - Applications of Mathematical Software, have been specifically designed for the new programme. In addition, a student has to take 2 to 3 courses in one chosen area of specialisation in science or engineering. such as fluid mechanics, structural dynamics. theoretical chemistry. mathematical biology, etc. In order to gain some flavour of works in scientific computation, students in the programme are required to do a Scientific Computation project in the chosen area of specialization, totaling 9 credits, in their third year of study. The Mathematics Department is very much interested to invite faculty members in other departments whose research works are related to scientific computation to take up supervisory roles in those student projects in the new programme. cl 0 0 cl 0 Tcmpcratlcl-e distributiom along a cowergirlg duct flow, computed at NASA Lewis Research

Cerltcr using W. H. Hui's method. Courtesy of C.Y. Lo/z and MS. Liou.

Issue No. 17 Channel 5 Internet as a Research Tool Danny Tang ccdanny@usthk.ust.hk Following the inauguration of the HARNET upgrade on February 10, 1993 (see Acknowledgements on Page ll), the campus networks of the 7 UPGC-funded local institutions are now linked together through a high- speed Tl-ring (1.544MB per second). This upgrade allows better and faster access to information and resources among local institutions. HARNET is not an isolated entity, it is part of the huge, global, "network of networks" - Internet. All on our campus network can reach out to the computing resources around the globe, and communicate with their peers elsewhere conveniently. With the growing demand for an efficient communication with the outside world, UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) is undertaking a feasibility study to upgrade HARNET's international link (to Internet) from its current 64KB per second leased satellite data circuit to a higher speed. Internet is not simply a huge network, it is an indispensible research "partner". A user might need to use a database at another university, he might need the power of a supercomputer to assist in his research, or he might want to browse the library catalogue of another institution. This is all possible on the Internet provided the user has the proper access right to that remote machine. Below is a short account on some major Internet research tools you might be interested in. Bulleti/! Bond Service (BBS) BBS, broadly speaking, provides a platform for users to take part in electronic conferences. USENET is probably the most popular bulletin board on Internet. Each USENET message can be posted to one or more newsgroups by the sender according to its nature. Currently there are over 2,000 newsgroups covering topics in computing, different academic disciplines, campus administration, politics, social and cultural issues, hobbies and recreational activities, and many more. A user can post a new topic for discussion or a follow-up to a topic being discussed. The posted message will be delivered to all Internet sites which run USENET and have subscribed the concerned newsgroup. Faculty and researchers use USENET mainly to Share common interests and exchange ideas with people all over the world; Post questions to a broad base of people in their field; Disseminate interest-specific academic and professional news Supercomputing Resources With telnet, a user can connect and use resources on any supercomputer on Internet provided he has the access right to the machine. Through the arrangement made by the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, our users can apply for an account on the US San Diego Supercomputer Centre's CRAY YMP 8/864 vector- based supercomputer since early 1992. More recently, UPGC has funded the installation of a Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) machine for use by all UPGC member institutions (see Hardware News on Page 10). Electronic Jourmds It is a new application of Internet which combines the best features of network communication and publishing. E-journals are generally peer-reviewed, as are hardcopy academic journals. They significantlq cut down the long delays and costs built into traditional publishing because articles are sent out as soon as they are edited and reviewed. The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) compiles a directory of electronic journals, newsletters, and scholarly discussion lists. The directory is available in electronic form (see Zen and the Art of the Internet).

Channel Issue No. 17 E-journals are also finding ways, as bandwidth increases and optical storage technology matures, to mirror the high typeset quality we count on in printed journals. The National Science Foundation (NSF) now also provides online electronic access to its publications through STIS, the Science and Technology Information System. You can get the NSF bulletin, descriptions (with abstracts) of NSF research projects, and analytical reports and news from the International Programs Division, and many more. Onhe Library Catalogs Many universities have made their library catalogs available for searching by an!*one on the Internet. Our users through their desktops can now check on our own library's holdings as well as a library thousand miles away. The offer of other university library catalogs can supplement our local library resources in many ways: + Finding new material on a topic by searching a collection with particular strength in that topic; + Some libraries offer specialized data bases or resources (e.g. University of Michigan's archive on environmental journalism); + Exploring other collections may help you to choose where to plan research trips or spend a sabbatical year Once a book is located, it can often be borrowed by our library through interlibrary loan. Please contact our Library for more details. For announcements of new libraries being available over Internet and discussion of related topics, consult the USENET newsgroup comp.internet.library. Public Domain Software There are voluminous useful public domain (free) software on the network available to the Internet users via the anonymous FTP service, a way of fetching files that does not require you to have an account on the remote machine. Computers that support anonymous FTP are called anonymous FTP servers. Most anonymous FTP servers are repositories of a particular type of information or software. It is important to note that public domain software are made available to the Internet community by the authors out of good will. If you find a piece of useful software, it can save you a lot of time in developing your own code from scratch. However, you should aware that though some public domain software are of very high quality, many are not. The decision whether or not to use a piece of code is entirely yours. Listen to others about the software may help you make such decision. Why not post a question to the appropriate newsgroup in USENET and you may be able to draw your conclusion based on suggestions from all over the world in a matter of days. In the above. I only managed to touch on the tip of the iceberg. Internet is such a huge infrastructure which expands day by day. No single printed document can give you a full account of what is available out there on the Internet. Information and resources are scattered all over this giant network. The following reference documents can help you get started in working with this growing (because it is continuously fed) research "partner": + Zen and the Art of the Internet - a very well-written and comprehensive guide for beginners to the Internet; + Internet Resource Guide - compiled by NSF Network Service Center, and is an index to thevast amount of resources accessible through Internet; + An anonymous FTP servers list - it lists the popular anonymous FTP servers and the types of public domain software /electronic documents kept in them; Q Internet User's Guide - published by CCST, and covers the mechanics of using the various Internet services Many people have put in a lot of efforts to compile directories of Internet resources, keep them up-to-date, and make them available for searching. Several tools have also been developed to help researchers find information on the Internet. The important ones are Archie, Wide-Area Information Servers (WAIS), Gopher, and World-Wide Web (W3). We will cover these services in detail in future issues of Channel.

Issue No. 17 Channel 7 "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board Paul Kwan cckwanwh@usthk.ust.hk With the rollout of the HKUST Electronic Noticeboard (HKUST ENB) on different hardware platforms including PC, Macintosh, UNIX workstation and timesharing machine, we augmented the number of channels for information dissemination on campus. This is a step towards materializing CCST's long-term computing strategy for campus wide information services. The idea of a physical notice board (or bulletin board as some people might prefer) is not new. It is a centralized place where notices of different sorts can be posted for people to read. There are many such places on campus, including those in the public areas and outside of department offices. ENB, on the other hand, is electronic. You do not need to go to a particular corner on campus to post or to read notices. All you need is an access to a PC, a Macintosh or an account on a UNIX workstation or timesharing machine connected to the campus network, and the wealth of notices posted in the ENB will be at your fingertips. This has been a delightful experience for many students since the beginning of the term, especially when the Admissions, Registration and Records Office (ARR) and the Student Affairs Office (SAO) made use of the ENB to disseminate timely information such as class schedules and changes, add/ drop procedures, as well as student activities and programmes. Having said that, we have to be cautious in saying that the ENB is never meant to replace electronic mail as the mechanism for communication and sharing information. Electronic mail is ideal for private communication as well as distribution to a small group of recipients. With this in mind, we position the ENB only as a viable alternative to the existing electronic mail system that has already been taxed for some time by the sheer amount of use. We would like users to know that the ENB is an efficient and centralized repository of information, and yet it avoids much of the overhead incurred by the electronic mail system. In the case where there are a number of recipients, a copy of the mail message sent will be placed in the directory of each of the recipient users. thereby incurring additional use of disk storage. ENB, on the other hand, stores just a single copy of each notice and requires no replication, avoiding the redundancy in disk usage. Moreover, you can specify an expiry date when posting a notice, and the notice will automatically be purged or removed from the ENB at the specified time. This friendly feature is by nature not offered by our current electronic

8 Channel Issue No. 17 mail system. In addition, you can optionally specify an event period for a notice, enabling it to be retrieved for

viewing by the function, [Today Event], on days that fall within the specified period.

For functions on amending and deleting notices, the amendment will be made on the same copy of the notice stored

rather than saved as another version. This is not possible with the electronic mail system as one has to send the

amendment to each of the recipient users, thus requiring the amount of initial storage be doubled in the worst case

scenario. In the case when a notice should only be seen by either the entire population of staff or students, you have

a choice of posting it to either one category. We believe that when you make more frequent use of the ENB, you will gradually see and experience the benefits

that I have mentioned in the preceding paragraphs. At the time of writing this, the Microsoft Windows version of

the ENB is in the stage of pilot testing, which we hope to release for general use in a few weeks' time. This will

undoubtedly improve further the accessibility of the ENB. To end, it is constructive to give a brief reply to a question that some people have asked about the ENB. The question

is "What will be the differences if we don't make use of the ENB?" Simply, the difference is that you now have

a choice which you did not have in the past without the ENB. New Services / Developments Both the Unix Terminal and Macintosh versions of the HKUST Electronic Notice Board are now available for use by HKUST staff and student computer users. The Unix Terminal version can be accessed from within a UNIX login session via a PC or Macintosh connected to the campus network. At the moment, students can access the Macintosh version from the Mac LC's in laboratories at Rooms 1044, 4334 and the Library. To start up the Unix Terminal version from within a UNIX login session, type "ustenb" at the system prompt. Online Help is available. For a student to start up the Macintosh version, double click the BCornpLab Application icon on the desktop. Once opened, double click the HKUST ENB folder. Finally, double click the HKUST ENB - Student icon to invoke the program. Online Help is also available with this version. For a member of staff to access the ENB on Macintosh, he has to install the application onto his own system first. Detailed descriptions of steps have been mailed to all staff Macintosh users in March. Anyone interested in knowing the steps may send mail to the email account CCHELP. In fact, all queries and feedback concerning these versions of the HKUST ENB information service can be directed to this account.

CCST is Watching ! Central computing facilities and services are provided to staff and students of this university on the understanding that they are to be used solely for the purpose of the university. CCST aims at offering the best available computing facilities and services to staff and students with least restrictions. We have been doing this, but recently we found that there are students recklessly abusing our good intentions. There are reported cases of deliberate broadcast of junk messages to staff and student users. In a few cases we also found that several students sharing a password to an account, mindless of possible irresponsible acts caused by sharing computer accounts. May we remind students that these are absolutely undesirable, and may lead to really bad consequences. To ensure that hardware, software and data are protected against damage, unauthorized use, theft and fraudulent manipulation, we have listed a set of rules in the electronic notice board and on the back of the email account application forms requesting users to observe acceptable standards of behaviour when they use the central computing facilities and services in the university. The Director of CCST reserves the right to restrict a user who breaches the rules from accessing CCST's computer systems and services as deemed appropriate. Serious cases will be forwarded to the user's Head of Department for further handling. I .

10 Channel Issue No. 17 Software News SAS 6.07 on HP To invoke SAS on an HP 700 workstation, run this: source fusr/local/bin/sas-setup See the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. Maple V Release 2 on HP Maple on HP has been upgraded to Maple V Release 2. The previous version of Maple V is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. S-PLUS 3.1 on HP S-PLUS on HP has been upgraded from 3.0 to 3.1. The previous version is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. SPSS 4.1 on VMS SPSS is upgraded to 4.1 on VAX/VMS. Refer to the "VMSSW" folder in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information for details. TeX on PC & Unix TeX has been upgraded to 3.14 on both PC and Unix. Together with this upgrade, we have added more macro packages and fonts like nfss, psfig, AMSLaTeX, REVTeX and AMSFonts. Further details are in the CCST On-line Information ENB. System News MS-DOS 5.0 &Windows 3.1 The PC system for staff has been upgraded to MS-DOS 5.0. An HKUST Microsoft Windows 3.1 environment was rolled out the same time, in which a number of window applications, email and host connection are available. Please refer to the CCST On-line Information ENB. Hardware News New FDDI Servers Three VAX 4000 model 90 servers were put into production lately. These new servers are equipped with an FDDI interface, and can be hooked directly to the FDDI network. Without the previous Ethernet bottleneck, the FDDI connection significantly improves the network performance . MPP Computer The UPGC-funded Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) Computer, DECmpp 12000, has been put into production use. The computer, located in the Chinese University of Hong Kong, has 8192 processor elements and a peak performance of 665 MFLOPS and 13000 MIPS. Total available runtime memory is 512 MB with 11.2 GB high speed parallel disk space for data storage. Introductory brochures and account application forms can be obtained from Departmental Computer Coordinators and the CCST general office at Room LG4007. Contact David Shiu (email: ccdshiu, ext: 6248) or Danny Tang (email: ccdanny, ext: 6241) for additional information or to arrange a discussion before applying.

Issue No. 17 Channel 11 Telecommunications In view of the current office relocation which involves many move and change activities in the PABX system, we have decided to postpone the publication of the April version of the HKUST communications directory until the end of May when most departments and offices have settled down. In the meantime, please access the online communication directory for up-to-date information. Acknowledgements UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) acknowledges the UPGC (University and Polytechnic Grants Committee) and JUPLAC (Joint University and Polytechnic Library Advisory Committee) initiative to upgrade HARNET, the HK Academic and Research NETwork. UPCC also appreciates a 3-year donation of Tl lines from the Hong Kong Telecom Foundation to help finance the operation of the local HARNET and the connection to the Internet. Staff Introductions Mr Kenneth Lee joined the Systems & Operation unit as Assistant Computer Officer in March. Before joining CCST, Mr Lee worked for Hewlett-Packard Hong Kong Ltd specializing in HP-UX platform trouble-shooting. Here Mr Lee supports Unix systems. Miss Eva Leung, Computer Officer in the Information Systems unit since September last year, came from Hong Kong Electric Company, and is now responsible for the financial reporting/general ledger system. cm cl0 Miss Katie Chow joined Information Systems from Alfred Dunhill in January. She is now an Assistant Computer Officer working on financial related systems. cm cl0 Mr Eddie Tso, also an Assistant Computer Officer in Information Systems since January, is from the Open Learning Institute. Mr Tso is working on student records systems.

Channel Issue No. 17 TECHNOLOGY Newsletter of the Centre of Computing Services & Telecommunications APRIL 1993 Issue No. 17 INTERNET lechnology Hong Kong Polytechnic Kbits/sec NASA Ames Research Cenfre, Mountain View, Cdifornia, USA HighLights: * Feedback articles on last issue's Scientific Computation from the Department of Mathematics; * Comprehensive passages on Internet & Electronic Notice Board PLUS informative System, Hardware & Software News . . . Clear Water Bay Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong channel@usthk.ust.hk

2 Channel Issue No. 17 In this issue . . . . . 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 On Scientific Computation New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Internet "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board New ServicesJDevelopments CCST is Watching ! Software News System News Hardware News Telecommunications Acknowledgements Staff Introductions CCST Hotline (6200) Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Computer Barns (Rms 4382 & 1044) Omening Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Cortsulta tion Hours Mon - Fri : 09:OO - 12:45; 14:00 - 17:00 Sat : 09:oo - 11:45 Business Computing Laboratory (Rm 4334) ODenina Hours Mon - Fri : 08:15 - 22:45 Sat : 08:45 - 16:15 Editor's Notes Channel is a bi-monthly publication of the Centre of Computing Services and Telecommunications (CCST) of HKUST. Prepared by the Computing Information Centre of CCST and printed by ETC, Channel provides information about CCST plans, developments and services. Topics on new trends in computing technology and other related topics of general interest are also included. User contributions to Channel are welcome and should be sent to the Editor along with the author's name and department. Channel is distributed to University members who are registered users of CCST services. Other parties who would like to have their names added to our mailing list for Channel may complete and return the form on the last page to the Computing Information Centre. Rifa Chu, Editor of Channel Computing information Centre ccrifa@usthk. wt. hk

Issue No. 17 Channel On Scienti$c Computation Professor W.H. Hui Department of Mathematics whhui@sthk.ust.hk Last issue of Channel on Scientific Computing has aroused a lot of interests among our faculty specialized

in this area. It is CCST's great pleasure to have Prof. Grafton W.H. Hui and Dr. Y.K. Kwok of the

Department of Mathematics contributing two articles to this issue, one on the significance of numerical

algorithm advancement in the development of this important, fast-growing field, and the other on the new

theme of study in scientific computing offered by the Department of Mathematics. We are sure our readers

will find these two articles informative. CCST will continue to work closely with our faculry in providing

an environment for this field to flourish in our university. Dr. William Max Ivey Director, CCST Science and technology are traditionally studied using two approaches: experimental and theoretical. Over the past two decades, scientific computation has become a third approach. It already has enormous importance in the economy and the environment. For instance, it is now a standard practice in the aircraft industry to use Computational Fluid Dynamics for the design of an aircraft while the wind- tunnel is only used for verification, and the recent "Storm of the Century" that hit the east coast of North America in mid-March, 1993 was well predicted by computation. How does scientific computation come about and grow into a new academic discipline? In a recent article entitled Introduction to Scientific Computing in Channel (issue No.16, February 1993) it was largely attributed to the steady increase in processing speed of computers brought about by advancements in computer hardware. While advancements in computer hardware are clearly a very important factor, the article tells only half of the story. It is now well recognized and agreed upon by most experts in SC that it has come about not only because of the great advancements in computer hardware, but also of the spectacular progresses in computational algorithm developments, each contributing roughly one half to its growth. The following are just a few examples of progresses in algorithm developments: (4 Convolution is a standard technique in signal processing. Done straightforwardly, an image of n pixels requires O(n') operations for each convolution. However, if Fast Fourier Transform is employed, the cost can be reduced to O(n log&. For a 1024 pixel image, the speedup is 102.4 times. The speedup is more than 50,000 times for 2-D images. (W For elliptic problems in a square domain, if the number of nodes on each side of the domain is n, then we get a linear system of size n2 by n'. Solving the system naively by Gaussian elimination would require O(n6) operations. However, the cost can be reduced to O(n*) if multigrid method is employed. For a problem with n = 100, that is a saving of 100 million folds. (c) For hyperbolic problems, whose solutions may be discontinuous (severe weather fronts, shock waves, hydraulic jumps, etc special computational algorithms are required. With shock-capturing methods, these important features can now be computed with great resolution and speed. With the advent of parallel computer and further development of new algorithms, scientific computation will undoubtedly play an even more important role in the years to come, and it will greatly help Hong Kong economy and the environment. For instance, to design a long suspension bridge, such as the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong, it is much cheaper and faster to use computational methods than a full-scale structural testing. It should be stressed that it is the main role of SC researchers in a research University like ours to help develop computational algorithms to solve problems in science and engineering that are reliable, accurate and economic. HKUST already has dozens of research projects on scientific computation and is planning to establish an Institute for Scientific and Engineering Computation. At the undergraduate level a unique programme in scientific computation has also been introduced in the Department of Mathematics, the details of which are described in the following article by Dr. Y.K. Kwok.

4 Channel Issue No. 17 New Programme in Mathematics Department - Scientific Computation Dr. Kwok Yue-kuen Department of Mathematics maqkwok@usthk.ust.hk Beginning Fall, 1993, the Mathematics Department introduces a new programme in Scientific Computation, in addition to the existing programmes in Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences. The implementation of the new programme, which is unique in Hong Kong, reflects the growing importance of scientific computation in sciences and engineering, and represents the response of the Mathematics Department to train students to meet the demands of knowledge in scientific computation in the coming decades. Also, the new programme demonstrates the strength of the Mathematics Department, where a good number of faculty are actively engaged in research works related to Scientific Computation. We strongly believe that our graduates in the Scientific Computation programme will receive good training and be well sought after in the job market. The essence of the training in the new programme is to acquire the ability to design and apply computational algorithms to solve a substantial problem in a branch of science or engineering. The design of numerical algorithms requires good knowledge in mathematics, in particular, numerical analysis, while the actual computation demands some basic training in computers and computing. Students enrolled in the programme are required to take about 10 courses in mathematics and 5 courses in computer science. Two mathematics courses, Math 333 - Introduction to Scientific Computation and Math 335 - Applications of Mathematical Software, have been specifically designed for the new programme. In addition, a student has to take 2 to 3 courses in one chosen area of specialisation in science or engineering. such as fluid mechanics, structural dynamics. theoretical chemistry. mathematical biology, etc. In order to gain some flavour of works in scientific computation, students in the programme are required to do a Scientific Computation project in the chosen area of specialization, totaling 9 credits, in their third year of study. The Mathematics Department is very much interested to invite faculty members in other departments whose research works are related to scientific computation to take up supervisory roles in those student projects in the new programme. cl 0 0 cl 0 Tcmpcratlcl-e distributiom along a cowergirlg duct flow, computed at NASA Lewis Research

Cerltcr using W. H. Hui's method. Courtesy of C.Y. Lo/z and MS. Liou.

Issue No. 17 Channel 5 Internet as a Research Tool Danny Tang ccdanny@usthk.ust.hk Following the inauguration of the HARNET upgrade on February 10, 1993 (see Acknowledgements on Page ll), the campus networks of the 7 UPGC-funded local institutions are now linked together through a high- speed Tl-ring (1.544MB per second). This upgrade allows better and faster access to information and resources among local institutions. HARNET is not an isolated entity, it is part of the huge, global, "network of networks" - Internet. All on our campus network can reach out to the computing resources around the globe, and communicate with their peers elsewhere conveniently. With the growing demand for an efficient communication with the outside world, UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) is undertaking a feasibility study to upgrade HARNET's international link (to Internet) from its current 64KB per second leased satellite data circuit to a higher speed. Internet is not simply a huge network, it is an indispensible research "partner". A user might need to use a database at another university, he might need the power of a supercomputer to assist in his research, or he might want to browse the library catalogue of another institution. This is all possible on the Internet provided the user has the proper access right to that remote machine. Below is a short account on some major Internet research tools you might be interested in. Bulleti/! Bond Service (BBS) BBS, broadly speaking, provides a platform for users to take part in electronic conferences. USENET is probably the most popular bulletin board on Internet. Each USENET message can be posted to one or more newsgroups by the sender according to its nature. Currently there are over 2,000 newsgroups covering topics in computing, different academic disciplines, campus administration, politics, social and cultural issues, hobbies and recreational activities, and many more. A user can post a new topic for discussion or a follow-up to a topic being discussed. The posted message will be delivered to all Internet sites which run USENET and have subscribed the concerned newsgroup. Faculty and researchers use USENET mainly to Share common interests and exchange ideas with people all over the world; Post questions to a broad base of people in their field; Disseminate interest-specific academic and professional news Supercomputing Resources With telnet, a user can connect and use resources on any supercomputer on Internet provided he has the access right to the machine. Through the arrangement made by the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, our users can apply for an account on the US San Diego Supercomputer Centre's CRAY YMP 8/864 vector- based supercomputer since early 1992. More recently, UPGC has funded the installation of a Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) machine for use by all UPGC member institutions (see Hardware News on Page 10). Electronic Jourmds It is a new application of Internet which combines the best features of network communication and publishing. E-journals are generally peer-reviewed, as are hardcopy academic journals. They significantlq cut down the long delays and costs built into traditional publishing because articles are sent out as soon as they are edited and reviewed. The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) compiles a directory of electronic journals, newsletters, and scholarly discussion lists. The directory is available in electronic form (see Zen and the Art of the Internet).

Channel Issue No. 17 E-journals are also finding ways, as bandwidth increases and optical storage technology matures, to mirror the high typeset quality we count on in printed journals. The National Science Foundation (NSF) now also provides online electronic access to its publications through STIS, the Science and Technology Information System. You can get the NSF bulletin, descriptions (with abstracts) of NSF research projects, and analytical reports and news from the International Programs Division, and many more. Onhe Library Catalogs Many universities have made their library catalogs available for searching by an!*one on the Internet. Our users through their desktops can now check on our own library's holdings as well as a library thousand miles away. The offer of other university library catalogs can supplement our local library resources in many ways: + Finding new material on a topic by searching a collection with particular strength in that topic; + Some libraries offer specialized data bases or resources (e.g. University of Michigan's archive on environmental journalism); + Exploring other collections may help you to choose where to plan research trips or spend a sabbatical year Once a book is located, it can often be borrowed by our library through interlibrary loan. Please contact our Library for more details. For announcements of new libraries being available over Internet and discussion of related topics, consult the USENET newsgroup comp.internet.library. Public Domain Software There are voluminous useful public domain (free) software on the network available to the Internet users via the anonymous FTP service, a way of fetching files that does not require you to have an account on the remote machine. Computers that support anonymous FTP are called anonymous FTP servers. Most anonymous FTP servers are repositories of a particular type of information or software. It is important to note that public domain software are made available to the Internet community by the authors out of good will. If you find a piece of useful software, it can save you a lot of time in developing your own code from scratch. However, you should aware that though some public domain software are of very high quality, many are not. The decision whether or not to use a piece of code is entirely yours. Listen to others about the software may help you make such decision. Why not post a question to the appropriate newsgroup in USENET and you may be able to draw your conclusion based on suggestions from all over the world in a matter of days. In the above. I only managed to touch on the tip of the iceberg. Internet is such a huge infrastructure which expands day by day. No single printed document can give you a full account of what is available out there on the Internet. Information and resources are scattered all over this giant network. The following reference documents can help you get started in working with this growing (because it is continuously fed) research "partner": + Zen and the Art of the Internet - a very well-written and comprehensive guide for beginners to the Internet; + Internet Resource Guide - compiled by NSF Network Service Center, and is an index to thevast amount of resources accessible through Internet; + An anonymous FTP servers list - it lists the popular anonymous FTP servers and the types of public domain software /electronic documents kept in them; Q Internet User's Guide - published by CCST, and covers the mechanics of using the various Internet services Many people have put in a lot of efforts to compile directories of Internet resources, keep them up-to-date, and make them available for searching. Several tools have also been developed to help researchers find information on the Internet. The important ones are Archie, Wide-Area Information Servers (WAIS), Gopher, and World-Wide Web (W3). We will cover these services in detail in future issues of Channel.

Issue No. 17 Channel 7 "Eye" Into the Electronic Notice Board Paul Kwan cckwanwh@usthk.ust.hk With the rollout of the HKUST Electronic Noticeboard (HKUST ENB) on different hardware platforms including PC, Macintosh, UNIX workstation and timesharing machine, we augmented the number of channels for information dissemination on campus. This is a step towards materializing CCST's long-term computing strategy for campus wide information services. The idea of a physical notice board (or bulletin board as some people might prefer) is not new. It is a centralized place where notices of different sorts can be posted for people to read. There are many such places on campus, including those in the public areas and outside of department offices. ENB, on the other hand, is electronic. You do not need to go to a particular corner on campus to post or to read notices. All you need is an access to a PC, a Macintosh or an account on a UNIX workstation or timesharing machine connected to the campus network, and the wealth of notices posted in the ENB will be at your fingertips. This has been a delightful experience for many students since the beginning of the term, especially when the Admissions, Registration and Records Office (ARR) and the Student Affairs Office (SAO) made use of the ENB to disseminate timely information such as class schedules and changes, add/ drop procedures, as well as student activities and programmes. Having said that, we have to be cautious in saying that the ENB is never meant to replace electronic mail as the mechanism for communication and sharing information. Electronic mail is ideal for private communication as well as distribution to a small group of recipients. With this in mind, we position the ENB only as a viable alternative to the existing electronic mail system that has already been taxed for some time by the sheer amount of use. We would like users to know that the ENB is an efficient and centralized repository of information, and yet it avoids much of the overhead incurred by the electronic mail system. In the case where there are a number of recipients, a copy of the mail message sent will be placed in the directory of each of the recipient users. thereby incurring additional use of disk storage. ENB, on the other hand, stores just a single copy of each notice and requires no replication, avoiding the redundancy in disk usage. Moreover, you can specify an expiry date when posting a notice, and the notice will automatically be purged or removed from the ENB at the specified time. This friendly feature is by nature not offered by our current electronic

8 Channel Issue No. 17 mail system. In addition, you can optionally specify an event period for a notice, enabling it to be retrieved for

viewing by the function, [Today Event], on days that fall within the specified period.

For functions on amending and deleting notices, the amendment will be made on the same copy of the notice stored

rather than saved as another version. This is not possible with the electronic mail system as one has to send the

amendment to each of the recipient users, thus requiring the amount of initial storage be doubled in the worst case

scenario. In the case when a notice should only be seen by either the entire population of staff or students, you have

a choice of posting it to either one category. We believe that when you make more frequent use of the ENB, you will gradually see and experience the benefits

that I have mentioned in the preceding paragraphs. At the time of writing this, the Microsoft Windows version of

the ENB is in the stage of pilot testing, which we hope to release for general use in a few weeks' time. This will

undoubtedly improve further the accessibility of the ENB. To end, it is constructive to give a brief reply to a question that some people have asked about the ENB. The question

is "What will be the differences if we don't make use of the ENB?" Simply, the difference is that you now have

a choice which you did not have in the past without the ENB. New Services / Developments Both the Unix Terminal and Macintosh versions of the HKUST Electronic Notice Board are now available for use by HKUST staff and student computer users. The Unix Terminal version can be accessed from within a UNIX login session via a PC or Macintosh connected to the campus network. At the moment, students can access the Macintosh version from the Mac LC's in laboratories at Rooms 1044, 4334 and the Library. To start up the Unix Terminal version from within a UNIX login session, type "ustenb" at the system prompt. Online Help is available. For a student to start up the Macintosh version, double click the BCornpLab Application icon on the desktop. Once opened, double click the HKUST ENB folder. Finally, double click the HKUST ENB - Student icon to invoke the program. Online Help is also available with this version. For a member of staff to access the ENB on Macintosh, he has to install the application onto his own system first. Detailed descriptions of steps have been mailed to all staff Macintosh users in March. Anyone interested in knowing the steps may send mail to the email account CCHELP. In fact, all queries and feedback concerning these versions of the HKUST ENB information service can be directed to this account.

CCST is Watching ! Central computing facilities and services are provided to staff and students of this university on the understanding that they are to be used solely for the purpose of the university. CCST aims at offering the best available computing facilities and services to staff and students with least restrictions. We have been doing this, but recently we found that there are students recklessly abusing our good intentions. There are reported cases of deliberate broadcast of junk messages to staff and student users. In a few cases we also found that several students sharing a password to an account, mindless of possible irresponsible acts caused by sharing computer accounts. May we remind students that these are absolutely undesirable, and may lead to really bad consequences. To ensure that hardware, software and data are protected against damage, unauthorized use, theft and fraudulent manipulation, we have listed a set of rules in the electronic notice board and on the back of the email account application forms requesting users to observe acceptable standards of behaviour when they use the central computing facilities and services in the university. The Director of CCST reserves the right to restrict a user who breaches the rules from accessing CCST's computer systems and services as deemed appropriate. Serious cases will be forwarded to the user's Head of Department for further handling. I .

10 Channel Issue No. 17 Software News SAS 6.07 on HP To invoke SAS on an HP 700 workstation, run this: source fusr/local/bin/sas-setup See the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. Maple V Release 2 on HP Maple on HP has been upgraded to Maple V Release 2. The previous version of Maple V is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. S-PLUS 3.1 on HP S-PLUS on HP has been upgraded from 3.0 to 3.1. The previous version is no longer supported. For details about how to access the software, consult the folder named "UNIXSW" in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information. SPSS 4.1 on VMS SPSS is upgraded to 4.1 on VAX/VMS. Refer to the "VMSSW" folder in the electronic notice board CCST On-line Information for details. TeX on PC & Unix TeX has been upgraded to 3.14 on both PC and Unix. Together with this upgrade, we have added more macro packages and fonts like nfss, psfig, AMSLaTeX, REVTeX and AMSFonts. Further details are in the CCST On-line Information ENB. System News MS-DOS 5.0 &Windows 3.1 The PC system for staff has been upgraded to MS-DOS 5.0. An HKUST Microsoft Windows 3.1 environment was rolled out the same time, in which a number of window applications, email and host connection are available. Please refer to the CCST On-line Information ENB. Hardware News New FDDI Servers Three VAX 4000 model 90 servers were put into production lately. These new servers are equipped with an FDDI interface, and can be hooked directly to the FDDI network. Without the previous Ethernet bottleneck, the FDDI connection significantly improves the network performance . MPP Computer The UPGC-funded Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) Computer, DECmpp 12000, has been put into production use. The computer, located in the Chinese University of Hong Kong, has 8192 processor elements and a peak performance of 665 MFLOPS and 13000 MIPS. Total available runtime memory is 512 MB with 11.2 GB high speed parallel disk space for data storage. Introductory brochures and account application forms can be obtained from Departmental Computer Coordinators and the CCST general office at Room LG4007. Contact David Shiu (email: ccdshiu, ext: 6248) or Danny Tang (email: ccdanny, ext: 6241) for additional information or to arrange a discussion before applying.

Issue No. 17 Channel 11 Telecommunications In view of the current office relocation which involves many move and change activities in the PABX system, we have decided to postpone the publication of the April version of the HKUST communications directory until the end of May when most departments and offices have settled down. In the meantime, please access the online communication directory for up-to-date information. Acknowledgements UPCC (University and Polytechnic Computer Centre) acknowledges the UPGC (University and Polytechnic Grants Committee) and JUPLAC (Joint University and Polytechnic Library Advisory Committee) initiative to upgrade HARNET, the HK Academic and Research NETwork. UPCC also appreciates a 3-year donation of Tl lines from the Hong Kong Telecom Foundation to help finance the operation of the local HARNET and the connection to the Internet. Staff Introductions Mr Kenneth Lee joined the Systems & Operation unit as Assistant Computer Officer in March. Before joining CCST, Mr Lee worked for Hewlett-Packard Hong Kong Ltd specializing in HP-UX platform trouble-shooting. Here Mr Lee supports Unix systems. Miss Eva Leung, Computer Officer in the Information Systems unit since September last year, came from Hong Kong Electric Company, and is now responsible for the financial reporting/general ledger system. cm cl0 Miss Katie Chow joined Information Systems from Alfred Dunhill in January. She is now an Assistant Computer Officer working on financial related systems. cm cl0 Mr Eddie Tso, also an Assistant Computer Officer in Information Systems since January, is from the Open Learning Institute. Mr Tso is working on student records systems.

Channel Issue No. 17 CCST Contact Points Ext. E-mail User Consultation Coordinator - Mr. Tony Chan - 6243 cctony Telephone Services Coordinator - Ms. Christine Cheng - 4190 cccheng Training Courses Registration - Ms. Anna Mak - 6189 ccanna Problem Reporting E-mail Account - CCHELP - For users to send in their problems and difficulties via e-mail. A consultant will respond to messages sent to this account as soon as possible. Suggestion E-mail Account - CHANNEL - For users to send in their queries, ideas, suggestions and comments concerning services we provide. A consultant will respond to messages sent to this account Requests for Computing Resources - (Admin & Business) Mr. William Tung - 6221 (Others) Mr. Danny Tang - 6241 ccbtung ccdanny as soon as possible. Phone E-mail

Centre of Computing Services and Telecommunication E-mall Phone address Director Dr. Wm. Max Ivey 6182 ccmax Assoc. Director & Mr. Lawrence Law 6201 cclaw Mgr. Systems & Operations Mgr. Information Mr. William Tung 6221 ccbtung Systems Mgr. CIC Mr. Danny Tang 6241 ccdanny Mgr. Systems Mr. Michael Tang 6261 ccwctang Engineering Editor of Channel MS Rita Chu 6244 ccrita FAX 358 0967 Dialup 358 2440 Computer Operation 6220 SE workshop 6280 The telephone extensions are (852) 35%xxxx. The Internet addresses are E-mail address@usthk.ust.hk

Channel Mailing List A mailing list is maintained for the distribution of Channel. To be placed on the mailing list*, fill out this form completely and mail to the Computing Information Centre, CCST, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong. Please print clearly. - _ Add my address to the mailing list 7 Address change (write new address below) 2 - - Remove my name from the mailing list Name : Organization : Address : *Registered users of the CCST services are placed automatically on the mailing list.